我国科研人员和期刊编辑对学术期刊开放科学数据的认知调查分析

【目的】 从各个角度呈现我国科研人员和期刊编辑关于期刊开放科学数据的认知现状,为期刊科学数据开放政策的制订提供数据支持。【方法】 基于文献调研和现场调研确定调查内容,利用问卷星平台对我国期刊编辑和自然科学与工程技术领域的科研人员关于学术期刊开放科学数据的发展前景、担忧的问题,以及所需保障等问题进行调查,共获得950份自然科学与工程技术领域科研人员有效问卷和205份期刊编辑有效问卷。【结果】 我国科研人员在向国内外期刊投稿时遇到期刊要求提供原始数据的情况并不是非常普遍,很多期刊编辑对于期刊开放科学数据并不是非常了解;期刊编辑和科研人员基本都认为期刊开放科学数据有利于科研发展,双方均认为中文期刊开放科学数据是必然之势,但是需要一定的保障措施;国家的鼓励性措施、强制性措施均是促使期刊实施开放科学数据政策的可行方式。【结论】 科技期刊需加强开放科学数据的宣传,加深期刊编辑和科研人员对开放科学数据的认识;加强对原始数据的重视,提升期刊编辑对于文章原始数据的理解,并有意识地加强与作者关于原始数据的沟通,为原始数据全面开放提供参考。     

急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术和急诊开腹胆囊切除术的临床疗效对比

目的比较急性胆囊疾病运用腹腔镜切除术和开腹切除术治疗的临床效果。方法选择我院292例急性胆囊炎需要实施手术治疗的患者,将其均分为两组,对照组患者实施开腹胆囊切除术,观察组患者实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术,比较两组患者的临床效果。结果通过比较,两组患者的手术时间、术中胆管损伤率以及再手术率未见明显差异,而观察组患者的手术愈合情况、术中出血量、住院时间、术后排气时间均明显优于对照组,两组患者差异显著(P0.05)。结论急诊胆囊切除术运用腹腔镜实施患者术后恢复快、安全性高、并发症少。     

腹腔镜手术和开放手术治疗泌尿外科疾病效果对比研究

目的：对比后腹腔镜手术和传统开放手术中在泌尿外科疾病治疗方面的临床效果。方法选取该院2011年4月—2013年4月收治的泌尿外科疾病患者140例，根据治疗方法的不同分为观察组72例，对照组68例，观察组采取后腹腔镜手术方式，对照组采取传统开放手术方式，对比两组患者治疗效果、平均手术时间、术中平均出血量、术后下床活动时间、住院时间、并发症发生率等指标。结果观察组痊愈71例（98.6%），出现并发症8例（11.1%），平均手术时间（113.6±19.7）min，术中平均出血量（41.9±10.4）mL，术后下床活动时间（1.6±0.4）d、住院时间（5.8±1.4）d，对照组痊愈53例（77.9%），出现并发症16例（23.5%），平均手术时间（136.8±20.6）min，术中平均出血量（69.5±11.2）mL，术后下床活动时间（3.3±1.9）d、住院时间（8.7±3.9）d，观察组各项指标均显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论后腹腔镜手术与传统开放手术相比，治疗效果较为显著，并发症发生率有明显下降，安全性较高，且恢复较快，值得临床推广应用。     

Risk factors for complications of open trigger finger release

BackgroundOpen trigger finger release is generally considered a simple low-risk procedure. Reported complication rates vary widely from 1 to 43 %, mostly based on small studies. Our goal was to determine the incidence of complications in a large consecutive series, while also identifying potential risk factors.MethodsAll open trigger finger releases performed from 2006 to 2009 by four fellowship-trained hand surgeons at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. There were 795 digits released in 543 patients. Complications were defined as signs or symptoms requiring further treatment and/or considered unresolved by 1 month postoperatively. Complications requiring operative intervention were regarded as major. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine possible risk factors for complications.ResultsThere were 95 documented complications among 795 digits (12 %). The most common complications involved persistent pain, stiffness, or swelling, persistent or recurrent triggering, or superficial infection. Most were treated nonoperatively with observation, therapy, steroid injection, or oral antibiotics. There were 19 reoperations (2.4 %), mostly including revision release, tenosynovectomy, and irrigation and debridement. Male gender, sedation, and general anesthesia were independently associated with complications, while age, diabetes, hypothyroidism, recent injection, and concurrent procedures were not associated.ConclusionsOpen trigger finger release is generally a low-risk procedure, although there is potential for complications, some requiring reoperation. Male gender, sedation, and general anesthesia may be associated with greater risk. Surgeons should be careful to thoroughly discuss the risk of both major and minor complications when counseling patients.     

责任制整体护理在结直肠外科病房的实现

目的：探讨责任制整体护理在结直肠外科病房的实施的可能性及实施效果。方法：总结责任制整体护理在某三级甲等医院结直肠外科病房的试验实施方案，调查执行该护理模式前后出院患者的满意程度和临床护理质量，并进行统计学分析。结果：试验执行责任制整体护理后，患者对临床护理的满意程度大幅提高，科室的临床护理质量也有显著提升，但是在护理文件整理方面仍有待调整。结论：责任制整体护理模式在结直肠外科病房可以实现，且能提高患者的满意程度和护理质量，深入实施后，能为患者提供更优质的临床护理服务。     

基于被引的基础学科学术期刊OA质量评价思路——以物理学科为例

【目的】 定量分析物理学科学术期刊OA的现状,探索基于被引的OA期刊(Open Access Journal,OAJ)和OA论文的学术质量评价方法。【方法】 基于WoS对2016—2017年JCR分类中物理学科348种期刊以及8个分支的OAJ和OA论文的数据进行统计,运用统计学原理和文献计量学方法,在开放率、被引率和期刊接受度这3个维度上,对OAJ和OA论文的11个指标进行比较和相关分析。【结果】 整个物理学科有39种OAJ,开放率为11.21%;OA论文的总开放率和总被引率分别为28.37%和35.95%,OAJ对OA论文总开放率和总被引率的贡献分别为30.0%和23.99%;高被引论文开放率为41.87%,对被引的贡献率为40.56%。OA论文的篇均被引频次为4.35次,略高于全部论文的篇均被引频次。8个分支期刊的接受度均值区间为[962,301],而OAJ的接受度均值区间为[1032,50]。【结论】 物理学科的总体OA水平在30%左右,OA论文的主流贡献来自复合期刊;其中凝聚态物理分支的开放程度最低,与学科规模不匹配。提高高被引论文的开放率是扩大学科OA规模、提高OA学术质量的快速和有效途径。高被引OA论文开放率和被引率是评价一个学科OA学术影响力的核心指标,也是OA的价值体现;期刊的刊文量可用于期刊的接受度分析。     

Increasing suction pressure during endotracheal suctioning increases the volume of suctioned secretions,but not procedure-related complications: A comparative study in open system endotracheal suctioning

ObjectivesTo compare the effect of three different suction pressures (80 mmHg, 150 mmHg, 250 mmHg) with the open system suction method in terms of the volume of secretions and complications development in intubated intensive care patients.Research methodology/designThis study was planned as a prospective, experimental, self-controlled design. The study sample included 47 patients. Data were collected using a data collection and patient follow-up form from patient records.SettingSingle adult intensive care unit in a university hospital.ResultsFifty five percent of the patients were male, 61.7% were older than 65 years and 38.32% had lung infection. The amount of suctioned secretions tended to increase significantly with increasing negative pressure and there was a significant difference between the pressures in terms of the median volume of suctioned secretions (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the suction pressures in terms of oxygen desaturation, hypertension rates (p > 0.05). Tachycardia, bradycardia, hypoxaemia, tracheal mucosal damage or mucosal bleeding were not observed during suctioning with three different suction pressures.ConclusionIt may be assumed that 250 mmHg suction pressure, via compliance with open system suction method related procedures, is being more effective and equally safe for secretion cleaning in comparison to the 80 and 150 mmHg suction pressures.     

Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures

BackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality.MethodsA query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications.ResultsA total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality.ConclusionWe report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Retrospective study.